Taxonomy means categorizing living organisms on the basis of their biological similarities. We will only consider humans and their relationship with the rest of life on earth.
Domain: There are 4 domains of life. We, the humans, belong to the domain Eukarya. Species = 8.7 millions
Features: The organism in this domain has a membrane separating the nucleus from the rest of the cell. The other domains like (Archaea), the cells have no separate nucleus.
Kingdom: There are 5 different kingdoms of Eukarya, which are Animals, Plants, fungi, Bacteria and Protists (single celled organisms. We belong to the kingdom of Animals.
Features: The organisms in this kingdom are multicellular, and their cell walls are not strengthened.They depend on other animals and plants for food to build their cells. They have senses and can move. Species = 2 million
Phylum: The animal kingdom is divided into 25+ small groups according to their main features, known as phylum. We belong to phylum chordata. Species = 75,000
Features: In the phylum chordata, the animals have a bunch of nerves (spinal cord) running along their backs.
Sub-phylum: The phylum group is then divided into even smaller two sub-phylums. Within chordata we belong to the sub – phylum vertebrates.
Features:The vertebrate animal’s spinal cord is surrounded by vertebrae in the vertebral column or backbone. Species = 64,000
Class: The vertebrates are divided into 7 classes. We belong to the class of mammals. Species = 5,338
Features: In this class the animals have hair on their body. They can control their body temperature (warm blooded). The females have mammary glands that secrete milk to nourish their young. In this class of vertebrates, the human beings have one bone in the lower jaw, four chambered hearts and breath by using lungs even in water.
Sub- class: Within mammals ,we belong to the sub- class Eutheria. Species = 5,000
Features: They nourish their babies through placenta attached to the mother. All animals in this subclass have a belly button left over from attachment of the placenta.
Order: The Eutheria or placental mammals are divided into 29 smaller groups known as order. We belong to the order called primetes. Species = 437
Features:They have forward facing eyes and can see colors. They have nails,not claws. Their brain size is large for body weight.
Sub-order: There are two suborders of primates. We belong to Haplorhines (dry nosed primates).
Features: They lack the ability to manufacture vitimen C. Their upper lip is not connected with their nose. The young have a long gestation period and are more dependent for a long period on mother than other animals. Species = 308
Family: Haplorhines are divided into 9 families. We belong to the family Hominidae or great apes.
Features: The Hominidae are large tailed and have hands. They are omnivorous. Gestation lasts for 8 to 9 months. The females give birth once every few years. They are born helpless and must be cared for. They do not become fully mature for between 9 to 13 years. Hominidae consists of 7 species. The seven species are arranged in 4 genera. Within the hominid family, our species is placed in the genus homo, called homo sapiens.
Genus: Every animal family is divided into small groups known as genus. Each genus contains animals that have similar features and are closely related. Species = 1
Species: Each individual species within the genus is named after its individual features and characteristics. We are in the genus homo and species sapiens. Species = 1 The modern humans have been designated as subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens.
Note: Physically, there is no structure in the human body that is not found in other Hominidae. All differences are of degree and not kind.
Q. Which source or force has brought these random changes?
Q. Is it a Itself or Choice or mutation, gene flow, genetic drift or natural selection?
Zia Ahmed Khan email: khanziaahmed50@gmail.com
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